Salatur Rasool (sm) Part-05

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Taharat (الطهارة)
The necessary precondition of salat is to attain Taharat i.e. cleanness. This is of two kinds : Inner and outer i.e. physical. The inner cleanness means to keep the mind free from all kinds of shirki(polytheistic) beliefs and to keep it free from the clutches of Ria (i.e. to show) and not to place in heart the love of anything above the love of Allah. The physical cleanness means to earn cleanness through ablution, bathing or Taiyammum as the process directed by theShari‘ah. Allah says,
إِنَّ اللهَ يُحِــبُّ التَّوَّابِيـنَ وَيُحِــبُّ الْمُتَــطَهِّرِينَ- (البقرة 222)-
‘Verily Allah loves the repented ones (in mind) and who keep themselves clean (in body)’ (Baqarah 2/222). The Prophet (sm) declares,
لاَ تُقْبــَلُ صَـلاَةٌ بِغَيْرِ طُهُوْرٍ وَلاَ صَدَقَةٌ مِنْ غُلُــولٍ، رواه مسلم-
Salat of anybody without cleanness and Sadaqah of prohibited goods would not be accepted’. [1]
It is highly essential for a Musalli to keep his body clean. Because through it with the attainment of external sacredness, there comes the peace of mind, all the Satanic whims go away and it inspires aMumin to the devotion to Allah. In Islam there are three ways of attaining physical cleanness: Ablution, Bathing and Taiyammum.
(a) Ozu (الوُضوء) the ablution:
Dictionary meaning is clearness (الوَضاءة). According to the terminology meaning, the ‘Ozu’ is to wash the hands, face and feet with pure water in the process of Shari‘ah and to touch head with (wet) hands.
Farz of Ozu:
In Ozu there are four compulsory (Farz) things. (1) To wash full of the face properly with gargling and providing water inside the nose and to blow it (2) Washing two hands with elbows (3) Touching head with ears by (wet) hands and (4) Washing two legs with ankles.
Allah says,
يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِيْنَ آمَنُوْا إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلاَةِ فَاغْسِلُوْا وُجُوْهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيْكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ وَامْسَحُوْا بِرُءُوْسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْن...(المائدة 6)-
Meaning: ‘Oh believers! when you prepare yourself for salat, then you wash your face and hands with elbows and touch your head with hands and wash both legs with ankles’...(Maidah 5/6).[2] Except these four, which are revealed in the verse above, all other things inOzu are Sunnats.
Merits of Ozu (فضائل الوضوء):
1. The Prophet (sm) says, ‘...As it is easily traceable a horse with a white marked forehead from among the black ones, such as I will trace my Ummah in the Day of Resurrection by their limbs of Ozu for their brightness and I shall reach earlier for having them to drink water of the river Al-kauthar.[3] So, who desires, may increase his brightness’. [4]
2. He says, ‘should I say to you, with which Allah removes your sins more and increases the level of honour? It is to make ablution properly during the period of troubles, going to the mosque time and again and to wait for the next salat after one’. [5]
3. He also says, ‘the key of salat is Ozu’.[6]
4. He says, ‘when a Muslim takes his ablution properly for the Farz salat and performs ruku-sijdah properly with full attention and fearfulness, then his ablution and salat are accepted as the fine of all the sins he had committed in the past, save and except the grave sins’. [7] In another statement there comes as, that person will be free from sins as his mother delivered him fresh.[8]
5. Keep yourself clean all time by making Ozu and to say two rak‘atsof Tahiyatul Ozu and two rak‘ ats of Tahiyatul Masjid when enter the mosque. For this covetous good-habit the Prophet (sm) heared in sleep the sound of foot-falls of Belal (R) going before Him in the Heaven.[9] But if he gets the jama-‘at is running or the Iqamat is made, then will enter the jama-‘at directly. [10]
Description of Ozu (صفة الوضوء):
Before ablution, it is Sunnat to brush the teeth properly. The Prophet (sm) says,
لَوْلاَ أَنْ أَشُقَّ عَلَى أُمَّتِي لَأَمَرْتُهُمْ بِتَأخِيْرِ الْعِشَاءِ وَ بِِالسِّوَاكِ عِنْدَ كُلِّ صَلاَةٍ-
‘If I would not seem troublesome for my Ummah, I would have asked them to perform the Esha salat lately and to brush their teeth before every salat’.[11] Here ‘every salat' means at the time of Ozu for everysalat.[12] Therefore, it is better to brush the teeth after rising from sleep and before Ozu for every salat. At this time, will rub the tongue by the right hand properly and will make gargle.
The Process of Ozu (ablution):
(1) At first to make Niyat (determination) in the heart for Ozu.[13]Thereafter (2) will start with Bismillah.[14] Then (3) will take water in the right palm [15] and will wash both hands with the wrist[16]and fingers are to be rinsed.[17] After this, (4) will take water in the right palm and make gargle properly and will put water inside the nose taking new water if necessary and will blow it properly with the left hand. [18] Then (5) from the upper end of the forehead through lobes of the ears down to the lower jaw, the entire face to be washed thoroughly[19] and the beard to be rinsed properly.[20] For this one handful of water should supply under the chin. [21] Then (6) will wash first the right and next the left hand with the elbows taking water in the right palm.[22] Then (7) with water[23] and wet hands will touch full head from forehead to the back and from backhead to the forehead.[24] At the same time by the wet forefingers will touch(Masah) inside the ears and by thumb the backside of the ears. [25]To touch some part or one-fourth of head without headgear has no proof. But the ‘Masah’ is proved for head fully or some part of fore-head with headgear or for headgear only.[26] Thereafter, (8) will wash right and left legs with ankles[27] and with left fingers will rinse the toes properly.[28] (9) In this way after finishing the ablution will take a little water in the left hand and will spray it along the place of seclusion[29] and will recite the following Doa:
أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لآ إلَهَ إلاَّ اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، اَللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْنِيْ مِنَ التَّوَّابِيْنَ وَاجْعَلْنِيْ مِنَ الْمُتَطَهِّرِيْنَ-
Pronunciation: Ashhadu Al La Ila -ha Illallahu wahdahu La Shareekalahu, wa Ashhadu Anna Muhammadan ‘Abduhu wa Rasooluhu. Alla-hummaj‘alnee minat Tauwa-beena waj‘alnee minal Mutatahhireen.
Meaning : ‘I am giving witness that there is none to be worshipped except Allah. He is one and He has no partner. I stand witness that Muhammad is His slave and His messenger’ (Muslim). Oh Allah! You include me among the repented and purified ones (Tirmizi).
Narrated by Umar Farooq (R), in that hadeeth, the Prophet (sm) says, the person who makes ablution and will read kalima shahadat, the eight doors of Jannat will be made open for him. He may enter by any of these as he wishes.[30] This is to note that at the time of reading this Doa, the hadeeth about looking to the sky, is Munkar i.e. Za‘ eef(Unsound).[31]
Other Information about Ozu & Masah
(مسائل أخري فى الوضوء والمسح)
(1) During ablution, the limbs may be washed once, twice or thrice.[32] The Prophet (sm) generally used to wash thrice.[33] It is superfluous to wash more than three times.[34] During the washing it could be made even or uneven. [35]
(2) It is necessary to keep Tarteeb i.e. successive order in ablution.[36]
(3) If the limbs of ‘Ozu’ remain dry even to the quantity of a nail, then Ozu is to be made anew. [37] Must try to reach water to the root of the beard, but if it does not reach, then the ablution will be considered proper.[38]
(4) Either in the winter or in the summer, the ablution is to be made fully.[39] But not the water should misuse. The Prophet (sm) used to complete the Ozu with one ‘Mudd’ i.e. 625 grams of water. [40]
(5) The used water or the left out water in the pot after ablution becomes not impure. Rather it can be used again for ablution or for attaining cleanness. The Prophet (sm) and the Sahaba-i-Keram would make ablution diping their hands repeatedly into the same pot of water. [41]
(6) To wash the limbs of ablution from the right side is Sunnat i.e. Practice of the Prophet (sm). [42]
(7) After the ablution is complete, it is allowed to sponge the wet limbs with clean towels or napkins or other clean things. [43]
(8) Whether ablution is there or not, the Prophet (sm) was habituated to make Ozu before every salat[44] But at the day of the conquest of Makkah, he said 5 times of salat with one Ozu and madeTaiyammum on the socks.[45]
(9) There is no document for reciting the Niyat (determination) for ablution. It is not known whether there is any separate Doa during ablution. Similarly, different Doas for washing different limbs for Ozu,the hadeeth about it is spurious. [46] The hadeeth of reading sura Qadr after completion of the 0zu is Mouzu‘ (spurious).[47]
(10) There is no authentic proof to touch the neck. Imam Nabavi (Rh) called it as Bid‘at (innovation). [48] ‘One who will touch his neck in his Ozu, he will not be shackled in his neck in the Day of Resurrection’. The hadeeth in vogue is Mouzu‘.[49]
(11) ‘Masah’ means, ‘to touch’. In the terminology of shari‘ah‘passing wet hands politely on the limbs of Ozu, which would be done on the head or socks’. Except shoes the thing by which full of the feet with ankles would be covered, is called socks, which may be made of leather, cotton or wool and may be fine or thick. More than 80 (Eighty) Sahabis including ‘Ashara-i-Mubashsharah have narratedhadeethes of Masah. So it is among the status of ‘Mutawatir’ (i.e. narrated incessantly). Nabavi says, ‘there is unanimous verdict among the scholars about the Masah on the socks at the journey and in the home if necessary or not’. [50]
(12) If the socks are worn with ablution,[51] then at the time of newOzu, will touch once with the wet fingers of two hands over[52] the socks from the foot upto the ankle. [53] Touching the socks is allowed for a day and night when he will be a Muqeem (i.e. dweller at home) and for three days and nights continually when he will be a Musafir(traveller), till the bathing would be Farz (or the socks would be put off).[54]
(13) If any limb of ablution is covered with bandage for wound and if there is fear of increasing the disease, then he will touch over the bandage with wet hands.[55]
(14) Touching (i.e. Masah) over the clean shoe or any kind of clean socks is allowed.[56] If there is dirt underneath the shoe, it will be clean after rubbing with soil and then the shoe could be touched over it. [57]
(15) The stool & urine of Halal (lawful) animal is sacred.[58] So if it touches the cloth, it will not be unclean.
(16) The urine of suckling female baby if touches the cloth, that place should be washed. If it is of male baby, then should spray water on that place. [59]
(17) The semen and the gluey thing like mucus comes out before and after it, is called as Mani, Mazi & Wadi successively. Bathing would beFarz in coming out of Mani with excitement and in the rest would have to wash only the hidden limb and then would make ablution. If it touches the cloth, then will wash the place only or will spray water to it. If it is dried, then will erase it by the nail. [60] The salat is permissible in that dress.
Acts that nullify the ablution (نواقض الوضوء) :
If anything comes out of the way of urine or stool, then the ablution will be removed. In the light of different saheeh hadeethes, it is proved that this is the main cause for the removal of ablution. If some one falls into doubt that due to upsetting of stomach, sleeping or sex-urge, theOzu is lost, then he will have to make Ozu again. But if there is no sound or smell or any mark is available and if he is firm that the Ozu is there, then no need for Ozu anymore. The removal of ablution for any kind of bleeding minimum or maximum except the bleeding of ‘Istihazah’ (bleeding of women after delivery) has no pure document.[61]
(b) Description of bathing (صفة الغسل) :
Definition: ‘Bathing’ (الغُسْلُ) means ‘washing’. In the terminology ofshari‘ah, to wash whole body after making ablution with determination to gain sanctity. Bathing is of two kinds: Farz andMustahab i.e. compulsory and desirable.
Farz: The bathing which is indispensable, is called Farz. When an adult Muslim becomes unclean (from sex), then bathing becomes compulsory. As Allah says,وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ جُنُبًا فَاطَّهَّرُوْا ‘If you are unclean, then take your bath’ (Maidah 6).
Mustahab: The bathing which is not compulsory, but if it is done, he will earn virtue. For example, bathing on Friday and two Eid days in the year. To make ablution before general bathing is useful to the health. Saiyd Sabiq has considered it as ‘Mandoob’ (preferable). [62]
The process of bathing: For the compulsory bathing, first wash two hands with wrists and then will clean the dirts. Thereafter will makeOzu like that of salat by uttering Bismillah (in the name of Allah). Then pour water on the head three times and rub hear with fingers, so that water reaches the roots of hair. Then will pour water on the whole body and will complete the bathing.[63]
Note: (1) unfastening the lock of hair of ladies during bathing is not necessary. Only three handfuls of water are to reach thrice to the roots of hair. Then she will pour water on the whole body.[64]
(2) The Prophet (sm) used to complete Ozu with one ‘mudd’ only i.e. 625 grams of water and to complete bathing with five ‘mudd’ i.e. 3125 grams of water.[65] So that, the misuse of water over the need is not proper.
(3) The Prophet (sm) has ordered to both male and female to take bath in seclusion.[66]
(4) There is no sin to take bath nakedly in the bathroom or under the curtain or in a remotest place out of sight of the men. [67]
(5) After bathing with Ozu, if the Ozu is not lost, there is no need to make it again.[68]
(6) Before the Farz bathing it is not proper to touch the holy Quran in unclean condition. But to recite it in lips and to enter the mosque is permissible.[69] In the condition of general unclean to touch the Quran and to carry it is allowed. [70]
Mustahab bathing:
(1) Bathing before Juma‘h salat.[71]
(2) Bathing of who performs bathing of dead body.[72]
(3) Bathing before embracing Islam.[73]
(4) Bathing before making Ihram for Umrah or Hajj.[74]
(5) Bathing on the day of Arafah.[75]
(6) Bathing in the morning of two Eid days.[76]
(C) Description of Taiyammum (صفة التيمم) :
Definition: ‘Taiyammum’ (التيمم) means ‘determination’. Terminologically, it is an Islamic way of attaining sanctity by the clean soil, instead of ablution or bathing, when water is not available. This is one of the special blessings of Allah for the Muslim Ummah, which was not given to any Ummah of the past. [77]
Allah says,
وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مَرْضَى أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِّنْكُمْ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ أَوْ لآمَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَآءً فَتَيَمَّمُوْا صَعِيْدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُوْا بِوُجُوْهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيْكُمْ مِنْهُ، (المائدة 6)-
Translation: ‘And if you are ill or on a journey, or any of you comes from the toilet, or you have been in sexual contact with women and you get no water, then you perform Taiyammum by the clean soil and rub therewith your face and hands’... [78]
Process: With determination of being purified saying Bismillah beat your hands on the clean soil and then blow into hands and touch it once upto wrist and face.[79] The hadeeth about to beat two times and to touch upto elbow is Za‘eef. [80]
Causes of making Taiyammum:
(1) When the clean water is not available (2) When there is fear ofsalat of being due (Qaza) for availing water. (3) When there is fear of increase of disease for using water. (4) If there is any fear of danger or risk of life etc.
For the above reasons, instead of ablution or compulsory bathing,Taiyammum may be performed incessantly for longer period. [81] The Prophet (sm) says,
إِنَّ الصَّعِيدَ الطَّيِّبَ وَضُوءُ الْمُسْلِمِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ الْمَاءَ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ...
‘Verily the clean soil is medium of Ozu for the muslim. Even water is not available for 10 years....' [82]
Clean soil:
In Arabic terminology ‘soil’ means surface of the Earth.[83] Most of the Arab lands are composed of sands and stones. The Prophet (sm) and His Sahabis used to make long tours on sandy desert land. Especially they were in great troubles for want of water during their journey to Tabook expedition about 750 k.m. from Madina at the month of Rajab’ 9th A.H./Oct’ 630 A.D. But it is not known that they carried soil from a long distance for Taiyammum. Therefore, the soil of earth-surface, sands and stones mixed with sands may be used fortaiyammum. But it is not proper to make taiyammum with clean stones without soil or dust, or the wood, coal, iron, mosaic, plaster, tiles, lime etc.[84]
Note:
(1) After performing salat with Taiyammum, if water is available before the next time of salat, then the earlier salat should not have to be repeated.[85]
(2) All things that can be performed with ablution can also be performed with Taiyammum. Similarly, everything that nullifies the ablution, nullifies Taiyammum also.
(3) If both water and soil are not available then salat is to be said without ablution.[86]
Etiquettes of toilet (آداب الخلاء) :
(1) At the time of entrance into the toilet, to say اَللَّهُمَّ إِنِّى أَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْخُبْثِ وَالْخَبَائِثِ Alla-humma Innee A‘oozubika minal Khubthe wal Khaba-ith’(Oh Allah! I seek refuge with you from the (evils of) male and female Jinns). In another statement there comes to say first بِسْمِ اللهِ ‘Bismilla-h’(In the name of Allah,). [87] Thereafter at the time of coming out will say غُفْرَانَكَ ‘Ghufra-naka’ (Oh Allah! I seek your pardon).[88] That means I seek your pardon for my inability to express proper gratitude of finishing the toilet by your kindness and getting by it unending happiness. Another intention of this Doa is that, Oh Allah! as I have got relief by coming out bodily excretions by your kindness, like that I seek pardon to you to get free from all sins of my evil doings.
(2) If it is an open place then should go away and to pass stool & urine secretly.[89] In this time it is prohibited to keep face or back towards the qibla.[90] But if inside a toilet or the qibla side is blocked, then it is permissible.[91] (3) Passing of urine should be in sitting position with secrecy keeping cover in front.[92] Passing of urine in standing position is not proper except in an unavoidable condition.[93] (4) It is not permissible to pass urine or stool on the path or underneath the shady tree (where the men take rest).[94] Passing of urine in a pit is not permissible.[95] Thus in lodged water, where would make Ozu & bath, is not permissible. [96] (5) Pass urine in soft soil. So that the sprinklings of urine could not touch the cloth. It is most essential to earn cleanness properly from the urine. The prophet (sm) says, You earn sanctity from urine. Because, most of the punishment of the grave would have been occured due to this’.[97] (6) After the toilet is end, one should earn cleanness by his left hand with water.[98] Then will rub it properly with soil (or soap) and wash by the water.[99] (7) If the water is available, then the‘Kulookh’ (clod of soil) has no need.[100] For making Istinja(cleanness) only by the water, Allah had revealed the verse 108 ofsura Tawbah praising the inhabitants of the Qoba.[101] But if the water is not available, then will use ‘Kulookh’. For this the clod of soil has to be used thrice or by uneven number. [102] It is not permissible to use right hand for it and dried cow-dung, bone or coal are also not allowed for this.[103] (8) After the use of ‘Kulookh’there is no need of water further. Because the Prophet (sm) has directed that the ‘Kulookh’ will be sufficient in lieu of water (فَإِنَّهَا تُجْزِئُ عَنْهُ).[104] The narration about to use ‘Kulookh’ before taking water has no basis. [105] (9) To remove the doubt of urine, it is directed to spray some water by the left hand on the cloth along with the place of seclusion. [106]
Doing more than it, is an act of excess and which is akin to Bid‘at, i.e. innovation. Similarly, by the name of good cleaning and removing the doubt, walking 40 paces with Kulookh and doing such other actions are baseless and matter of most shamelessness which is must to be shunned.(10) If someone gives salam while one is engaged in passing of urine, then making answer of his Salam after attaining cleanness is Mustahab (if the man who gives Salam is present).[107]Otherwise the answer is permissible after coming out without Ozu &Taiyammum also. Because the Prophet (sm) used to do Zikr of Allah in every condition.[108] (11) It is not permissible to speak with another during the passing of stool or urine (except in an urgent case).[109]


[1] . Muslim, Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Mishkat, H/301, 300, Ch: 3, ‘Cleanness’ Para:1, ‘Which makes the ozu as wajib’.
[2] . Sura Maidah revealed in Madina. For which some one may believe that Ozu was made Farz first at Madina, which is not correct. Ibnu Abdil Barr says, ‘The Prohept (sm) had never performed salat in Makkah without Ozu. But in Madani life by the revelation of this verse the Ozu had been declared as compulsory (Fathul Bari, Ch: Ozu,P.1/134). Zaid bin Harethah (R) said from the Prophet (sm) thatJibreel came to him in earlier days of revelation and teach him Ozuand salat’ (Ahmad, Ibnu Majah H/462; Daraqutni, Mishkat, H/366, Ch: 3, cleanness, Para: 2,‘Courtesy of toilet’; Silsila Saheehah H/841).
[3] . Muslim, Mishkat, H/298. Ch: 3, Cleanness, Section: 3.
[4] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Mishkat, H/290.
[5] . Muslim, Mishkat H/282.
[6] . Abu Daud, Tirmizi, Daremi, Mishkat H/312, Para-1.
[7] . Muslim, Mishkat H/286, Section: 1.
[8] . Muslim, Mishkat H/1042, Ch: 4, Salat, Para: 22, Prohibited times of Salat.
[9] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Mishkat H/1322; Tirmizi, Ahmad, Mishkat H/1326, Para: 39, ‘Optional Salat’.
[10] . Muslim, Mishkat H/1058, Para: 23, Jama-‘at & its merits.
[11] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Mishkat, H/376, Ch: 3, cleanness, Para: 3, Tooth-brash.
[12] . As because, explanation of that Hadeeth comes in another Hadeeth مَعَ كُلِّ وُضُوْءٍ and عِنْدَ كُلِّ وُضُوْءٍ that means ‘With every ablution or with every time of ablution’(Ahmad, Bukhari-Ta‘leeq, Ch: Fasting, Para: 27), Albani, Irwaul Ghaleel H/70, 1/109.
[13] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Mishkat H/1.
[14] . Ahmad, Tirmizi, Ibnu Majah, Mishkat H/402; Para: 4: Abu Daud H/101-02; Subulus Salam H/463; Nawab Siddique Hasan Khan Bhupali considered it ‘Farz’- Ar-Rauzatun Nadiyah. P.1/117.
[15] . Abu Daud, Mishkat H/401; Naylul Awtar 1/206, Para: ‘Washing two palms before gargling’.
[16] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Ahmad, Nasaii, Naylul Awtar 1/206 & 210.
[17] . Nasaii, Abu Daud, Tirmizi, Ibnu Majah, Mishkat H/405 Para: 4, ‘Sunnats of Ozu’.
[18] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Mishkat H/394: Daremi, Mishkat H/411; Mirqat P. 2/14; Majmu‘ Fatawa Uthaymeen (Riyadh: 1st edn. 1419/1999) 12/257.
[19] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Naylul Awtar 1/210.
[20] . Tirmizi H/29-31, Para: 23; Ibnu Majah H/430, Naylul Awtar 1/224.
[21] . Abu Daud H/145, Ch: 1, Cleanness, Para: 56, To rinse the beard.
[22] . Bukhari, Naylul Awtar 1/223.
[23] . Tirmizi, Mishkat H/415, Para: 4, Sunnats of Ozu.
[24] . Muwatta, Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Mishkat, H/393-94.
[25] . Nasaii, Ibnu Majah, Nayl 1/242-43; Abu Daud, Tirmizi, Mishkat H/414.
[26] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Mir‘at 2/92, 104, see commentary of H/396, 401.
[27] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Mishkat H/394; Muslim, Mishkat H/398.
[28] . Abu Daud, Tirmizi, Ibnu Majah, Mishkat H/406-07.
[29] . Abu Daud H/32-33, 168; Abu Daud, Nasaii, Ahmad, Daraqutni, Mishkat H/361, 366. Para: 2, ‘Courtesy of toilet’; Saheehah H/841.
[30] . Muslim, Tirmizi, Mishkat H/289. Ch: 3, Cleanness.
[31] . Albani, Irwaul Ghaleel P. 1/135, Commentary of H/96.
[32] . Bukhari, Muslim, Mishkat H/395-97, Para: 4. Sunnats of Ozu.
[33] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Muslim, Mishkat H/287, 397; Nayl 1/214, 258.
[34] . Nasaii, Ibnu Majah, Mishkat H/417.
[35] . Saheeh Ibnu Khuzaimah H/172-73.
[36] . Sura Maidah 6; Naylul Awtar 1/214, 218.
[37] . Muslim, H/243; Subulus Salam H/50.
[38] . Bukhari, Naylul Awtar 1/223, 226.
[39] . Muslim, Mishkat H/398.
[40] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih,Mishkat H/439, Ch: 3, Cleanness, Para: 5, ‘Bathing’.
[41] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Daremi, Mishkat H/394, 411, Ch: 3, Cleanness, Para: 4.
[42] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Ahmad, Abu Daud, Mishkat H/400,401; Fathul Bari 1/235.
[43] . Ibnu Majah H/465, 468, Ch: 1, Cleanness, Para: 59, To use towel after ablution and bathing; ‘Aunul Ma‘bood 1/417-18. See commentary; Nayl 1/266.
[44] . Daremi, Ahmad, Mishkat H/425-26, Para: 4.
[45] . Muslim, Naylul Awtar 1/318; Abu Daud H/172.
[46] . Muhammad Taher Pattani, Tazkiratul Mauzu‘a-t, P. 32; Shawkani, Al-Fawaidul Majmoo‘ah fil Aha-deethil Mouzoo‘ah, Ch: Cleanness, H/33, P. 13.
[47] . Albani, Silsila Za‘eefah H/1449.
[48] . Ahmad, Abu Daud, Naylul Awtar 1/245-247.
[49] . Albani, Silsila Za‘eefah H/744.
[50] . Mir‘atul Mafateeh 2/212.
[51] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Abu Daud, Naylul Awtar 1/273.
[52] . Abu Daud, Mishkat H/522, 525, Ch: Cleanness, Para: 9, ‘touching over the socks’.
[53] . Muslim, Mishkat H/518.
[54] . Muslim, Nasaii, Tirmizi, Mishkat H/517, 520.
[55] . Saheeh Ibnu Khuzaimah H/273; Ibnu Majah, Naylul Awtar 1/386, Ch: ‘Taiyammum’.
[56] . Ahmad, Timrizi, Abu Daud, Ibnu Majah, Mishkat H/523.
[57] . Abu Daud, Mishkat H/503, Ch: 3, Cleanness, Para: 8, ‘To remove unclean’; Saheeh Ibnu Khuzaimah H/786; Ar-Rauzatun Nadiyah 1/91.
[58] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Mishkat H/3539, Ch: 16, Qisas, Para: 4; Fiqhus Sunnah 1/21.
[59] . Ahmad, Abu Daud, Nasaii, Mishkat H/501-02; Fiqhus Sunnah 1/20.
[60] . Fiqhus Sunnah 1/20-21.
[61] . Albani, Foot note of Mishkat H/333, narrated by Daraqutni, `Ozu for each bleeding’ (الوضوء من كل دم سائل).
[62] . Fiqhus Sunnah 1/41.
[63] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Muslim, Mishkat H/435.
[64] . Muslim, Mishkat H/438.
[65] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Irwaul Ghaleel H/139; Four mudds i.e. handfuls make a Sa‘. See F.N. P. 1/170; Abu Daud H/96.
[66] . Abu Daud, Nasaii, Mishkat H/447.
[67] . Muslim H/339; Bukhari H/278; Do. Mishkat H/5706-07; Fiqhus Sunnah 1/58.
[68] . Abu Daud, Tirmizi, Nasaii, Mishkat H/445.
[69] . Fiqhus Sunnah 1/51-52.
[70] . Fiqhus Sunnah 1/43.
[71] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Mishkat H/537-39, Ch: 3, Cleanness, Para: 11 ‘Masnoon Bathing’.
[72] . Ibnu Majah, Tirmizi, Abu Daud, Mishkat H/541.
[73] . Tirmizi, Abu Daud, Nasaii, Mishkat H/543.
[74] . Daraqutni, Hakem, Irwaul Ghaleel H/149, 1/179.
[75] . Baihaqi, Irwa H/146, see Faidah; Nayl. 1/357.
[76] . Baihaqi, Irwa H/146, see Faidah; Nayl. 1/357.
[77] . Fiqhus Sunnah 1/59. This was one of the important contributions of the family of Abu Bakr (R) to the Muslim Ummah. During return most probably from the battle of Banul Mustaliq in 5thhijrah, when they reach at the place of Baida (البَيْدَاء) near Madina, the necklace of ‘A-yesha (R) was missed. Then the Prophet (sm) makes the caravan stopped to search it. But there was no trace of water and thus the morning appers without water. Then Allah reveals the verse of Taiyammum (Maidah 6). Sahabi Usaid bin Huzair (R) then congratulates to Abu Bakr (R) saying : this is note the first contibution of you, Oh the family of Abu Bakr! (مَا هِىَ بِأَوَّلِ بَرَكَتِكُمْ يَا آلَ أَبِى بَكْرٍ)’. ‘A-yesha (R) said, we lifted up the camel upon which we remain and then we got the necklace’ (Bukhari, Fathul Bari H/334, Ch: 7, Taiyammum, H/4608, Ch: 65, Tafseer, Para: 3; Muslim H/842, Para: 28, Taiyammum).
[78] . Maidah 5/6, Nisa 4/43.
[79] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Mishkat H/1; Tirmizi, Ibnu Majah & other, Mishkat H/402, Ch: 3, Cleanness, Para: 4; Abu Daud H/101-02; Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Mishkat H/528, Para: 10 ‘Taiyammum’.
[80] . Abu Daud H/330, Para: 124; Do, Mishkat H/466, Ch: 3, Cleanness, Para: 6.
[81] . Maidah 5/6; Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Mishkat H/527; Bukhari H/344 P. 1/49; Ahmad, Tirmizi and others, Mishkat H/530.
[82] . Ahmad, Tirmizi, Abu Daud, Nasaii, Mishkat H/530, Para: 10 ‘Taiyammum’.
[83] . As it has been said, (الصعيد وجه الأرض ترابا كان او غيره) ‘Soil is the earth surface, either it be of solid earth or other thing (Al-Misbahul Muneer).
[84] . See Salatur Rasool of Sadeq Sialkoti, footnote P. 148-49.
[85] . Abu Daud, Nasaii, Daremi, Mishkat H/533; Abu Daud H/338.
[86] . Bukhari H/336, Muttafaq ‘Alaih and others, Naylul Awtar 1/400, Para: ‘Salat without water and soil’.
[87] . Ibnu Majah H/297; Mishkat H/358. This is to note that the hadeeth of Doa at the time of coming out as: Alhamdulillahillazi Azhaba ‘Annil Aza Wa ‘A-fa-nee, is za‘eef (Ibnu Majah, Mishkat H/374).
[88] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Mishkat H/337; Tirmizi, Ibnu Majah, Mishkat H/359, Ch: 3, Clenness, Para: 2, Courtesy of toilet.
[89] . Tirmizi H/14, 20.
[90] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Mishkat H/334.
[91] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Mishkat H/335, Abu Daud, Mishkat H/373.
[92] . Abu Daud, Ibnu Majah, Mishkat H/371.
[93] . Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Mishkat H/364.
[94] . Abu Daud, Ibnu Majah, Mishkat H/355.
[95] . Abu Daud, Nasaii, Mishkat H/354.
[96] . Abu Daud, Tirmizi, Nasaii, Mishkat H/353.
[97] . Daraqutni H/453, Hakem P. 1/183; Saheehul Jame‘ H/3002; Irwa H/280.
[98] . Abu Daud, Mishkat H/348.
[99] . Abu Daud, Daremi, Mishkat H/360.
[100] . Tirmizi H/19; Mir‘at 2/72.
[101] . Abu Daud H/44; Albani, Irwa H/45, P. 1/83-84. The town nearby the Madina, the first place of coming down of the prophet (sm) after the migration from Makkah.
[102] . Muslim, Muttafaq ‘Alaih, Mishkat H/336, 341. One should refrain from the use of toilet paper. Because it was proved as detrimental to the health in European countries (Dr. Tareq Mahmood, Sunnat of Rasool (sm) and the modern science (Traslated from Urdu into Bangla, Dhaka: 1420 A.H) P. 1/164.
[103] . Muslim, Mishkat H/336, Ibnu Majah, Abu Daud etc, Mishkat H/347, 375.
[104] . Ahmad, Abu Daud, Nasaii, Daremi, Mishkat H/349; Mir‘at 2/58.
[105] . Albani, Irwaul Ghaleel H/42, See commentary; Tafseer Qurtubi, Tawbah 9/108.
[106] . Abu Daud H/32-33; Abu Daud, Nasaii, Ahmad, Mishkat H/348, 61, 66, Ch: cleanness, Para: 2 ‘Courtesy of toilet' Abu Daud H/166-168.
[107] . Abu Daud H/16-17; Do, Mishkat H/467, Ch: 3, Cleanness, Para: 6.
[108] . Muslim, Mishkat H/456, Ch: 3, Cleanness, Para: 6; Mir‘at 2/161, 163.
[109] . Abu Daud H/15; Saheeh At-Targheeb H/155; Saheehah H/3120.


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